Galileo
Science vs Church

Bible Arguements used against Heliocentricity

Science vs Religion - What was at stake for the Church

• Counter Reformation defensiveness: The Church was fighting the Protestant challenge
• Under the Council of Trent, no one could reinterpret Scripture against the Church’s established sense.
• Jesuits — wanted scientific caution
• Papal prestige: Urban VIII

TimeLine

• 1545 - 1563: Council of Trent
  
• 1616: First Condemnation
• 1632: Galileo’s Dialogue and the Breaking Point
  Galileo published Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, which defended heliocentrism and portrayed geocentrists as “simpletons.”
• 1633: Trial and Sentence
  Galileo was found “vehemently suspect of heresy,” forced to recant, and sentenced to house arrest for life. His works defending heliocentrism were banned.
• 1757: First Step: Ban on Heliocentrism Lifted
  The Church quietly removed heliocentrism from the Index of Forbidden Books. No apology yet — but the official ban was gone.
• 1822: Church Allows Publication of Pro Copernican Works
  The Holy Office formally approved printing books that taught the Earth moves.
  This was the first explicit reversal of the 1633 ruling.
• 1893: Pope Leo XIII Supports Scientific Interpretation of Scripture
  In Providentissimus Deus, Leo XIII taught that Scripture can use phenomenological language (describing appearances), which was exactly Galileo’s argument. This was a theological correction of the reasoning used against Galileo.
• 1979: Pope John Paul II Calls for Re-examination John Paul II publicly stated that the Galileo case was mishandled and asked for a formal study.
  This is the first time a pope openly said the Church needed to confront the error.
• 1992: Official Statement - Church authorities misinterpreted Scripture.
• 2000: Jubilee Confession of Errors Pope John Paul II’s
  Church publicly acknowledged sins committed by Christians throughout history, explicitly included was the treatment of Galileo.

Psalms 19:1 1: TO THE CHOIRMASTER. A PSALM OF DAVID. The heavens declare the glory of God, and the sky above proclaims his handiwork. Romans 1:20 20: For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse. Psalm 19, Romans 1
Psalms 19 1: TO THE CHOIRMASTER. A PSALM OF DAVID. The heavens declare the glory of God, and the sky above proclaims his handiwork. 2: Day to day pours out speech, and night to night reveals knowledge. 3: There is no speech, nor are there words, whose voice is not heard. 4: Their measuring line goes out through all the earth, and their words to the end of the world. In them he has set a tent for the sun, 5: which comes out like a bridegroom leaving his chamber, and, like a strong man, runs its course with joy. 6: Its rising is from the end of the heavens, and its circuit to the end of them, and there is nothing hidden from its heat. 7: The law of the LORD is perfect, reviving the soul; the testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the simple; 8: the precepts of the LORD are right, rejoicing the heart; the commandment of the LORD is pure, enlightening the eyes; 9: the fear of the LORD is clean, enduring forever; the rules of the LORD are true, and righteous altogether. 10: More to be desired are they than gold, even much fine gold; sweeter also than honey and drippings of the honeycomb. 11: Moreover, by them is your servant warned; in keeping them there is great reward. 12: Who can discern his errors? Declare me innocent from hidden faults. 13: Keep back your servant also from presumptuous sins; let them not have dominion over me! Then I shall be blameless, and innocent of great transgression. 14: Let the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart be acceptable in your sight, O LORD, my rock and my redeemer. Romans 1 1: Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God, 2: which he promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy Scriptures, 3: concerning his Son, who was descended from David according to the flesh 4: and was declared to be the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by his resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, 5: through whom we have received grace and apostleship to bring about the obedience of faith for the sake of his name among all the nations, 6: including you who are called to belong to Jesus Christ, 7: To all those in Rome who are loved by God and called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. 8: First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for all of you, because your faith is proclaimed in all the world. 9: For God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit in the gospel of his Son, that without ceasing I mention you 10: always in my prayers, asking that somehow by God's will I may now at last succeed in coming to you. 11: For I long to see you, that I may impart to you some spiritual gift to strengthen you- 12: that is, that we may be mutually encouraged by each other's faith, both yours and mine. 13: I want you to know, brothers, that I have often intended to come to you (but thus far have been prevented), in order that I may reap some harvest among you as well as among the rest of the Gentiles. 14: I am under obligation both to Greeks and to barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish. 15: So I am eager to preach the gospel to you also who are in Rome. 16: For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek. 17: For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith for faith, as it is written, "The righteous shall live by faith." 18: For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth. 19: For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them. 20: For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse. 21: For although they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their foolish hearts were darkened. 22: Claiming to be wise, they became fools, 23: and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles. 24: Therefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to the dishonoring of their bodies among themselves, 25: because they exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen. 26: For this reason God gave them up to dishonorable passions. For their women exchanged natural relations for those that are contrary to nature; 27: and the men likewise gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another, men committing shameless acts with men and receiving in themselves the due penalty for their error. 28: And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them up to a debased mind to do what ought not to be done. 29: They were filled with all manner of unrighteousness, evil, covetousness, malice. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, maliciousness. They are gossips, 30: slanderers, haters of God, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents, 31: foolish, faithless, heartless, ruthless. 32: Though they know God's decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, they not only do them but give approval to those who practice them.
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Phenomenological language
×
Phenomenological language is language that tries to describe experience exactly as it appears to consciousness
— without explaining, interpreting, theorizing, or reducing it to something else.
Phenomenological language names the appearance of things (also in experience), not their causes or concepts.

Darwin

Aliens

TimeLine

1. Area 51 began as a Cold War spy plane testing site
   Testing the U2 spy plane and later early stealth aircraft
2. Declassified documents confirm the base’s role in reconnaissance innovation
3. Why Area 51 became linked to UFOs
   • Strange sightings were frequently test flights of classified aircraft
   • The government’s secrecy created a vacuum filled by alien speculation
   • The remote Nevada desert amplified the mystique
4. Area 51 still tests:
   • Classified aircraft
   • Sensor systems
   • Defense technology

God is Creator

If God created other life in the universe

• Does this other life have a choice?
• If so it can be in the pure state or in the need of redemption?
• If God is 3 persons then there can be no other person
• Jesus was begotton on earth
• Therefore it is unlikely there is another planet where redemption is necessary

Another intuition: the earth will be near the center of universe

• where time is closest to cosmic time,
• we are at the apple of His eye... ??

AI

Summary

Where is AI going

• AI develops consciousness
• AI does not develop consciousness

Definitions

Life

• Metabolism — taking in energy and using it
• Homeostasis — regulating internal conditions
• Growth — increasing in size or complexity
• Response — reacting to the environment
• Reproduction — producing new organisms
• Organization — cellular structure and order
• If something does all of these, biology calls it alive.

Consciousness

• Awareness of self
• Awareness of surroundings
• Ability to experience meaning
• Moral awareness (good and evil)
• Purpose
• Finiteness (awareness of mortality)
• Soul (in the biblical model)

AI

Soul - nefesh

Animal Soul — נֶפֶשׁ הַבְּהֵמִית

This refers to:

• instinct
• appetite
• survival drives
• emotions tied to the body
• the life-force shared with animals

Human Soul (Higher Soul) — נֶפֶשׁ הָאֱלֹהִית

This refers to:

• intellect - the capacity to understand, reason, analyze, and grasp truth.
  • Intelligence — broad ability to learn, solve problems, adapt
  • Intellect — specifically the reasoning and understanding part
  • Wisdom — knowing how to use intellect correctly in real life
  • Knowledge — the information you possess
• moral awareness
• spiritual longing
• connection to God
• the part of the soul that seeks transcendence

Nefesh (נֶפֶש) in the Bible

1. A living creature
   Genesis says both humans and animals are nefesh chayyah — “living creature"
   Genesis 1:20-21 20: And God said, "Let the waters swarm with swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the expanse of the heavens." 21: So God created the great sea creatures and every living creature that moves, with which the waters swarm, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. Genesis 1:24 24: And God said, "Let the earth bring forth living creatures according to their kinds- livestock and creeping things and beasts of the earth according to their kinds." And it was so. Genesis 1
   Genesis 1 1: In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. 2: The earth was without form and void, and darkness was over the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters. 3: And God said, "Let there be light," and there was light. 4: And God saw that the light was good. And God separated the light from the darkness. 5: God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, the first day. 6: And God said, "Let there be an expanse in the midst of the waters, and let it separate the waters from the waters." 7: And God made the expanse and separated the waters that were under the expanse from the waters that were above the expanse. And it was so. 8: And God called the expanse Heaven. And there was evening and there was morning, the second day. 9: And God said, "Let the waters under the heavens be gathered together into one place, and let the dry land appear." And it was so. 10: God called the dry land Earth, and the waters that were gathered together he called Seas. And God saw that it was good. 11: And God said, "Let the earth sprout vegetation, plants yielding seed, and fruit trees bearing fruit in which is their seed, each according to its kind, on the earth." And it was so. 12: The earth brought forth vegetation, plants yielding seed according to their own kinds, and trees bearing fruit in which is their seed, each according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 13: And there was evening and there was morning, the third day. 14: And God said, "Let there be lights in the expanse of the heavens to separate the day from the night. And let them be for signs and for seasons, and for days and years, 15: and let them be lights in the expanse of the heavens to give light upon the earth." And it was so. 16: And God made the two great lights- the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night- and the stars. 17: And God set them in the expanse of the heavens to give light on the earth, 18: to rule over the day and over the night, and to separate the light from the darkness. And God saw that it was good. 19: And there was evening and there was morning, the fourth day. 20: And God said, "Let the waters swarm with swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the expanse of the heavens." 21: So God created the great sea creatures and every living creature that moves, with which the waters swarm, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 22: And God blessed them, saying, "Be fruitful and multiply and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth." 23: And there was evening and there was morning, the fifth day. 24: And God said, "Let the earth bring forth living creatures according to their kinds- livestock and creeping things and beasts of the earth according to their kinds." And it was so. 25: And God made the beasts of the earth according to their kinds and the livestock according to their kinds, and everything that creeps on the ground according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 26: Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth." 27: So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. 28: And God blessed them. And God said to them, "Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue it and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over every living thing that moves on the earth." 29: And God said, "Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed that is on the face of all the earth, and every tree with seed in its fruit. You shall have them for food. 30: And to every beast of the earth and to every bird of the heavens and to everything that creeps on the earth, everything that has the breath of life, I have given every green plant for food." And it was so. 31: And God saw everything that he had made, and behold, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day.

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   Genesis 2:7 7: then the LORD God formed the man of dust from the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living creature. Genesis 2
   Genesis 2 1: Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. 2: And on the seventh day God finished his work that he had done, and he rested on the seventh day from all his work that he had done. 3: So God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it God rested from all his work that he had done in creation. 4: These are the generations of the heavens and the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens. 5: When no bush of the field was yet in the land and no small plant of the field had yet sprung up- for the LORD God had not caused it to rain on the land, and there was no man to work the ground, 6: and a mist was going up from the land and was watering the whole face of the ground- 7: then the LORD God formed the man of dust from the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living creature. 8: And the LORD God planted a garden in Eden, in the east, and there he put the man whom he had formed. 9: And out of the ground the LORD God made to spring up every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for food. The tree of life was in the midst of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. 10: A river flowed out of Eden to water the garden, and there it divided and became four rivers. 11: The name of the first is the Pishon. It is the one that flowed around the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold. 12: And the gold of that land is good; bdellium and onyx stone are there. 13: The name of the second river is the Gihon. It is the one that flowed around the whole land of Cush. 14: And the name of the third river is the Tigris, which flows east of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates. 15: The LORD God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to work it and keep it. 16: And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, "You may surely eat of every tree of the garden, 17: but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die." 18: Then the LORD God said, "It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a helper fit for him." 19: So out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field and every bird of the heavens and brought them to the man to see what he would call them. And whatever the man called every living creature, that was its name. 20: The man gave names to all livestock and to the birds of the heavens and to every beast of the field. But for Adam there was not found a helper fit for him. 21: So the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and while he slept took one of his ribs and closed up its place with flesh. 22: And the rib that the LORD God had taken from the man he made into a woman and brought her to the man. 23: Then the man said, "This at last is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man." 24: Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and they shall become one flesh. 25: And the man and his wife were both naked and were not ashamed.

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2. Life / life force
   Nefesh often simply means life itself - "soul|life|breath:
   
   Rachel’s nefesh
   
   Genesis 35:18 18: And as her soul was departing (for she was dying), she called his name Ben-oni; but his father called him Benjamin. Genesis 35
   Genesis 35 1: God said to Jacob, "Arise, go up to Bethel and dwell there. Make an altar there to the God who appeared to you when you fled from your brother Esau." 2: So Jacob said to his household and to all who were with him, "Put away the foreign gods that are among you and purify yourselves and change your garments. 3: Then let us arise and go up to Bethel, so that I may make there an altar to the God who answers me in the day of my distress and has been with me wherever I have gone." 4: So they gave to Jacob all the foreign gods that they had, and the rings that were in their ears. Jacob hid them under the terebinth tree that was near Shechem. 5: And as they journeyed, a terror from God fell upon the cities that were around them, so that they did not pursue the sons of Jacob. 6: And Jacob came to Luz (that is, Bethel), which is in the land of Canaan, he and all the people who were with him, 7: and there he built an altar and called the place El-bethel, because there God had revealed himself to him when he fled from his brother. 8: And Deborah, Rebekah's nurse, died, and she was buried under an oak below Bethel. So he called its name Allon-bacuth. 9: God appeared to Jacob again, when he came from Paddan-aram, and blessed him. 10: And God said to him, "Your name is Jacob; no longer shall your name be called Jacob, but Israel shall be your name." So he called his name Israel. 11: And God said to him, "I am God Almighty: be fruitful and multiply. A nation and a company of nations shall come from you, and kings shall come from your own body. 12: The land that I gave to Abraham and Isaac I will give to you, and I will give the land to your offspring after you." 13: Then God went up from him in the place where he had spoken with him. 14: And Jacob set up a pillar in the place where he had spoken with him, a pillar of stone. He poured out a drink offering on it and poured oil on it. 15: So Jacob called the name of the place where God had spoken with him Bethel. 16: Then they journeyed from Bethel. When they were still some distance from Ephrath, Rachel went into labor, and she had hard labor. 17: And when her labor was at its hardest, the midwife said to her, "Do not fear, for you have another son." 18: And as her soul was departing (for she was dying), she called his name Ben-oni; but his father called him Benjamin. 19: So Rachel died, and she was buried on the way to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem), 20: and Jacob set up a pillar over her tomb. It is the pillar of Rachel's tomb, which is there to this day. 21: Israel journeyed on and pitched his tent beyond the tower of Eder. 22: While Israel lived in that land, Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his father's concubine. And Israel heard of it. Now the sons of Jacob were twelve. 23: The sons of Leah: Reuben (Jacob's firstborn), Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun. 24: The sons of Rachel: Joseph and Benjamin. 25: The sons of Bilhah, Rachel's servant: Dan and Naphtali. 26: The sons of Zilpah, Leah's servant: Gad and Asher. These were the sons of Jacob who were born to him in Paddan-aram. 27: And Jacob came to his father Isaac at Mamre, or Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron), where Abraham and Isaac had sojourned. 28: Now the days of Isaac were 180 years. 29: And Isaac breathed his last, and he died and was gathered to his people, old and full of days. And his sons Esau and Jacob buried him.

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   Genesis 9:5 5: And for your lifeblood I will require a reckoning: from every beast I will require it and from man. From his fellow man I will require a reckoning for the life of man. Genesis 9:5
   Genesis 9:5 [ESV] 5: And for your lifeblood I will require a reckoning: from every beast I will require it and from man. From his fellow man I will require a reckoning for the life of man.

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   God hold the nefesh of every living thing
   
   Job 12:10 10: In his hand is the life of every living thing and the breath of all mankind. Job 12
   Job 12 1: Then Job answered and said: 2: "No doubt you are the people, and wisdom will die with you. 3: But I have understanding as well as you; I am not inferior to you. Who does not know such things as these? 4: I am a laughingstock to my friends; I, who called to God and he answered me, a just and blameless man, am a laughingstock. 5: In the thought of one who is at ease there is contempt for misfortune; it is ready for those whose feet slip. 6: The tents of robbers are at peace, and those who provoke God are secure, who bring their god in their hand. 7: "But ask the beasts, and they will teach you; the birds of the heavens, and they will tell you; 8: or the bushes of the earth, and they will teach you; and the fish of the sea will declare to you. 9: Who among all these does not know that the hand of the LORD has done this? 10: In his hand is the life of every living thing and the breath of all mankind. 11: Does not the ear test words as the palate tastes food? 12: Wisdom is with the aged, and understanding in length of days. 13: "With God are wisdom and might; he has counsel and understanding. 14: If he tears down, none can rebuild; if he shuts a man in, none can open. 15: If he withholds the waters, they dry up; if he sends them out, they overwhelm the land. 16: With him are strength and sound wisdom; the deceived and the deceiver are his. 17: He leads counselors away stripped, and judges he makes fools. 18: He looses the bonds of kings and binds a waistcloth on their hips. 19: He leads priests away stripped and overthrows the mighty. 20: He deprives of speech those who are trusted and takes away the discernment of the elders. 21: He pours contempt on princes and loosens the belt of the strong. 22: He uncovers the deeps out of darkness and brings deep darkness to light. 23: He makes nations great, and he destroys them; he enlarges nations, and leads them away. 24: He takes away understanding from the chiefs of the people of the earth and makes them wander in a pathless waste. 25: They grope in the dark without light, and he makes them stagger like a drunken man.

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3. The inner self (emotions, desires, will)
   Many Psalms use nefesh to mean the inner person:
   Psalms 42 1: TO THE CHOIRMASTER. A MASKIL OF THE SONS OF KORAH. As a deer pants for flowing streams, so pants my soul for you, O God. 2: My soul thirsts for God, for the living God. When shall I come and appear before God? 3: My tears have been my food day and night, while they say to me continually, "Where is your God?" 4: These things I remember, as I pour out my soul: how I would go with the throng and lead them in procession to the house of God with glad shouts and songs of praise, a multitude keeping festival. 5: Why are you cast down, O my soul, and why are you in turmoil within me? Hope in God; for I shall again praise him, my salvation 6: and my God. My soul is cast down within me; therefore I remember you from the land of Jordan and of Hermon, from Mount Mizar. 7: Deep calls to deep at the roar of your waterfalls; all your breakers and your waves have gone over me. 8: By day the LORD commands his steadfast love, and at night his song is with me, a prayer to the God of my life. 9: I say to God, my rock: "Why have you forgotten me? Why do I go mourning because of the oppression of the enemy?" 10: As with a deadly wound in my bones, my adversaries taunt me, while they say to me continually, "Where is your God?" 11: Why are you cast down, O my soul, and why are you in turmoil within me? Hope in God; for I shall again praise him, my salvation and my God. Psalm 42
   Psalms 42 1: TO THE CHOIRMASTER. A MASKIL OF THE SONS OF KORAH. As a deer pants for flowing streams, so pants my soul for you, O God. 2: My soul thirsts for God, for the living God. When shall I come and appear before God? 3: My tears have been my food day and night, while they say to me continually, "Where is your God?" 4: These things I remember, as I pour out my soul: how I would go with the throng and lead them in procession to the house of God with glad shouts and songs of praise, a multitude keeping festival. 5: Why are you cast down, O my soul, and why are you in turmoil within me? Hope in God; for I shall again praise him, my salvation 6: and my God. My soul is cast down within me; therefore I remember you from the land of Jordan and of Hermon, from Mount Mizar. 7: Deep calls to deep at the roar of your waterfalls; all your breakers and your waves have gone over me. 8: By day the LORD commands his steadfast love, and at night his song is with me, a prayer to the God of my life. 9: I say to God, my rock: "Why have you forgotten me? Why do I go mourning because of the oppression of the enemy?" 10: As with a deadly wound in my bones, my adversaries taunt me, while they say to me continually, "Where is your God?" 11: Why are you cast down, O my soul, and why are you in turmoil within me? Hope in God; for I shall again praise him, my salvation and my God.

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   Psalms 23:3 3: He restores my soul. He leads me in paths of righteousness for his name's sake. Psalm 23
   Psalms 23 1: A PSALM OF DAVID.The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want. 2: He makes me lie down in green pastures. He leads me beside still waters. 3: He restores my soul. He leads me in paths of righteousness for his name's sake. 4: Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for you are with me; your rod and your staff, they comfort me. 5: You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies; you anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows. 6: Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life, and I shall dwell in the house of the LORD forever.

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   Psalms 103:1 1: OF DAVID. Bless the LORD, O my soul, and all that is within me, bless his holy name! Psalm 103
   Psalms 103 1: OF DAVID. Bless the LORD, O my soul, and all that is within me, bless his holy name! 2: Bless the LORD, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits, 3: who forgives all your iniquity, who heals all your diseases, 4: who redeems your life from the pit, who crowns you with steadfast love and mercy, 5: who satisfies you with good so that your youth is renewed like the eagle's. 6: The LORD works righteousness and justice for all who are oppressed. 7: He made known his ways to Moses, his acts to the people of Israel. 8: The LORD is merciful and gracious, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love. 9: He will not always chide, nor will he keep his anger forever. 10: He does not deal with us according to our sins, nor repay us according to our iniquities. 11: For as high as the heavens are above the earth, so great is his steadfast love toward those who fear him; 12: as far as the east is from the west, so far does he remove our transgressions from us. 13: As a father shows compassion to his children, so the LORD shows compassion to those who fear him. 14: For he knows our frame; he remembers that we are dust. 15: As for man, his days are like grass; he flourishes like a flower of the field; 16: for the wind passes over it, and it is gone, and its place knows it no more. 17: But the steadfast love of the LORD is from everlasting to everlasting on those who fear him, and his righteousness to children's children, 18: to those who keep his covenant and remember to do his commandments. 19: The LORD has established his throne in the heavens, and his kingdom rules over all. 20: Bless the LORD, O you his angels, you mighty ones who do his word, obeying the voice of his word! 21: Bless the LORD, all his hosts, his ministers, who do his will! 22: Bless the LORD, all his works, in all places of his dominion. Bless the LORD, O my soul!

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4. Person / individual- Nefesh can simply mean a person:
   “all the nefesh” = all the persons in a family
   Genesis 46:15 15: These are the sons of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob in Paddan-aram, together with his daughter Dinah; altogether his sons and his daughters numbered thirty-three. Genesis 46:22 22: These are the sons of Rachel, who were born to Jacob- fourteen persons in all. Genesis 46:25- 25: These are the sons of Bilhah, whom Laban gave to Rachel his daughter, and these she bore to Jacob- seven persons in all. 26: All the persons belonging to Jacob who came into Egypt, who were his own descendants, not including Jacob's sons' wives, were sixty-six persons in all. 27: And the sons of Joseph, who were born to him in Egypt, were two. All the persons of the house of Jacob who came into Egypt were seventy. 28: He had sent Judah ahead of him to Joseph to show the way before him in Goshen, and they came into the land of Goshen. 29: Then Joseph prepared his chariot and went up to meet Israel his father in Goshen. He presented himself to him and fell on his neck and wept on his neck a good while. 30: Israel said to Joseph, "Now let me die, since I have seen your face and know that you are still alive." 31: Joseph said to his brothers and to his father's household, "I will go up and tell Pharaoh and will say to him, 'My brothers and my father's household, who were in the land of Canaan, have come to me. 32: And the men are shepherds, for they have been keepers of livestock, and they have brought their flocks and their herds and all that they have.' 33: When Pharaoh calls you and says, 'What is your occupation?' 34: you shall say, 'Your servants have been keepers of livestock from our youth even until now, both we and our fathers,' in order that you may dwell in the land of Goshen, for every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyptians." Genesis 46
   Genesis 46 1: So Israel took his journey with all that he had and came to Beersheba, and offered sacrifices to the God of his father Isaac. 2: And God spoke to Israel in visions of the night and said, "Jacob, Jacob." And he said, "Here am I." 3: Then he said, "I am God, the God of your father. Do not be afraid to go down to Egypt, for there I will make you into a great nation. 4: I myself will go down with you to Egypt, and I will also bring you up again, and Joseph's hand shall close your eyes." 5: Then Jacob set out from Beersheba. The sons of Israel carried Jacob their father, their little ones, and their wives, in the wagons that Pharaoh had sent to carry him. 6: They also took their livestock and their goods, which they had gained in the land of Canaan, and came into Egypt, Jacob and all his offspring with him, 7: his sons, and his sons' sons with him, his daughters, and his sons' daughters. All his offspring he brought with him into Egypt. 8: Now these are the names of the descendants of Israel, who came into Egypt, Jacob and his sons. Reuben, Jacob's firstborn, 9: and the sons of Reuben: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi. 10: The sons of Simeon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar, and Shaul, the son of a Canaanite woman. 11: The sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. 12: The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez, and Zerah (but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan); and the sons of Perez were Hezron and Hamul. 13: The sons of Issachar: Tola, Puvah, Yob, and Shimron. 14: The sons of Zebulun: Sered, Elon, and Jahleel. 15: These are the sons of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob in Paddan-aram, together with his daughter Dinah; altogether his sons and his daughters numbered thirty-three. 16: The sons of Gad: Ziphion, Haggi, Shuni, Ezbon, Eri, Arodi, and Areli. 17: The sons of Asher: Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, Beriah, with Serah their sister. And the sons of Beriah: Heber and Malchiel. 18: These are the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah his daughter; and these she bore to Jacob- sixteen persons. 19: The sons of Rachel, Jacob's wife: Joseph and Benjamin. 20: And to Joseph in the land of Egypt were born Manasseh and Ephraim, whom Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera the priest of On, bore to him. 21: And the sons of Benjamin: Bela, Becher, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim, and Ard. 22: These are the sons of Rachel, who were born to Jacob- fourteen persons in all. 23: The sons of Dan: Hushim. 24: The sons of Naphtali: Jahzeel, Guni, Jezer, and Shillem. 25: These are the sons of Bilhah, whom Laban gave to Rachel his daughter, and these she bore to Jacob- seven persons in all. 26: All the persons belonging to Jacob who came into Egypt, who were his own descendants, not including Jacob's sons' wives, were sixty-six persons in all. 27: And the sons of Joseph, who were born to him in Egypt, were two. All the persons of the house of Jacob who came into Egypt were seventy. 28: He had sent Judah ahead of him to Joseph to show the way before him in Goshen, and they came into the land of Goshen. 29: Then Joseph prepared his chariot and went up to meet Israel his father in Goshen. He presented himself to him and fell on his neck and wept on his neck a good while. 30: Israel said to Joseph, "Now let me die, since I have seen your face and know that you are still alive." 31: Joseph said to his brothers and to his father's household, "I will go up and tell Pharaoh and will say to him, 'My brothers and my father's household, who were in the land of Canaan, have come to me. 32: And the men are shepherds, for they have been keepers of livestock, and they have brought their flocks and their herds and all that they have.' 33: When Pharaoh calls you and says, 'What is your occupation?' 34: you shall say, 'Your servants have been keepers of livestock from our youth even until now, both we and our fathers,' in order that you may dwell in the land of Goshen, for every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyptians."

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   This overlaps with the Hebrew lev (heart).
   This shows nefesh is the whole living organism, not a separate soul-part.

Observation - Every tech development in business has depersonlizes the process

• I used to have access to secretaries that would type for me Now I need to do my own word processing

TimeLine - Computing

• circa 1980 PC
• circa 1990 mobile phone
• circa 2000 internet
• circa 2010 smart phone
• circa 2025 AI
• circa 2026/2027 certain operation cannot be done without a smart phone

What is at stake for Christainity

• If the intelligence created develops consciousness and asks who created me?
  Man then becomes God
• If the intelligence created develops consciousness and see humanity as a threat that is bad news

God breathes life

• No dead person can be given life even is all organs are in tact
  Job 33:4 4: The Spirit of God has made me, and the breath of the Almighty gives me life. Job 33
  Job 33 1: "But now, hear my speech, O Job, and listen to all my words. 2: Behold, I open my mouth; the tongue in my mouth speaks. 3: My words declare the uprightness of my heart, and what my lips know they speak sincerely. 4: The Spirit of God has made me, and the breath of the Almighty gives me life. 5: Answer me, if you can; set your words in order before me; take your stand. 6: Behold, I am toward God as you are; I too was pinched off from a piece of clay. 7: Behold, no fear of me need terrify you; my pressure will not be heavy upon you. 8: "Surely you have spoken in my ears, and I have heard the sound of your words. 9: You say, 'I am pure, without transgression; I am clean, and there is no iniquity in me. 10: Behold, he finds occasions against me, he counts me as his enemy, 11: he puts my feet in the stocks and watches all my paths.' 12: "Behold, in this you are not right. I will answer you, for God is greater than man. 13: Why do you contend against him, saying, 'He will answer none of man's words'? 14: For God speaks in one way, and in two, though man does not perceive it. 15: In a dream, in a vision of the night, when deep sleep falls on men, while they slumber on their beds, 16: then he opens the ears of men and terrifies them with warnings, 17: that he may turn man aside from his deed and conceal pride from a man; 18: he keeps back his soul from the pit, his life from perishing by the sword. 19: "Man is also rebuked with pain on his bed and with continual strife in his bones, 20: so that his life loathes bread, and his appetite the choicest food. 21: His flesh is so wasted away that it cannot be seen, and his bones that were not seen stick out. 22: His soul draws near the pit, and his life to those who bring death. 23: If there be for him an angel, a mediator, one of the thousand, to declare to man what is right for him, 24: and he is merciful to him, and says, 'Deliver him from going down into the pit; I have found a ransom; 25: let his flesh become fresh with youth; let him return to the days of his youthful vigor'; 26: then man prays to God, and he accepts him; he sees his face with a shout of joy, and he restores to man his righteousness. 27: He sings before men and says: 'I sinned and perverted what was right, and it was not repaid to me. 28: He has redeemed my soul from going down into the pit, and my life shall look upon the light.' 29: "Behold, God does all these things, twice, three times, with a man, 30: to bring back his soul from the pit, that he may be lighted with the light of life. 31: Pay attention, O Job, listen to me; be silent, and I will speak. 32: If you have any words, answer me; speak, for I desire to justify you. 33: If not, listen to me; be silent, and I will teach you wisdom."

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God is author of two Books

• The Book of Scripture (the Bible)
• The Book of Nature (creation)

		Hugh of St. Victor

		memory
		intelligence
		will

		level 1 observation
		level 2 meaning
		level 3 contemplation - something received

		goal quiet union  human soul with devine light/presence
		

Science from the Bible